Aventon Sinch 2: The Ultimate Folding Fat Tire E-Bike?
Alright, let’s chat about the Aventon Sinch 2. This bad boy’s making waves in the e-bike world, and for good reason. It’s like Aventon took everything cool about the original Sinch and cranked it up to eleven. But is it worth your hard-earned cash? Let’s dive in and find out.
What’s New with the Aventon Sinch 2?
First things first, the Sinch 2 isn’t just a facelift. Aventon’s gone and given this folding fat tire e-bike a proper overhaul. Here’s what’s cookin’:
Torque sensor (goodbye, cadence sensor!)
Integrated lights with turn signals (safety first, folks)
Fenders and rear rack included (no more nickel and diming)
Four pedal assist levels instead of five (but trust me, it’s an upgrade)
Right-hand thumb throttle (a bit of a head-scratcher, but we’ll get to that)
Now, let’s break down why these changes matter and how they stack up in the real world.
Riding the Aventon Sinch 2: Performance that Packs a Punch
Hop on the Sinch 2, and you’ll immediately notice the difference. That torque sensor? It’s a game-changer. Instead of feeling like you’re riding an electric moped, the Sinch 2 gives you a more natural, bicycle-like feel. It’s responsive, intuitive, and downright fun.
Power and Speed: More Than Meets the Eye
Don’t let the 500W motor fool you. This little beast packs a 750W peak punch, and boy, does it deliver. Here’s the lowdown:
Top speed: 20 mph (Class 2 e-bike)
Throttle-only range: About 22 miles
Pedal-assist range: Up to 55 miles (in ideal conditions)
Sure, it’s not breaking any land speed records, but for a folding fat tire e-bike, it’s got some serious oomph. Plus, that 20 mph cap means you can ride it pretty much anywhere without legal hassles.
Tackling Hills: The Sinch 2’s Secret Weapon
Here’s where things get interesting. The Sinch 2 absolutely crushes hills. That torque sensor combined with the powerful motor means you’ll be sailing up inclines that would leave other e-bikes wheezing. It’s like having a secret rocket booster tucked away in your frame.
Comfort and Convenience: The Sinch 2’s Bread and Butter
Let’s face it, a folding e-bike isn’t much use if it’s a pain to ride or store. Aventon’s nailed it on both fronts with the Sinch 2.
Ride Quality: Smooth as Butter
Those fat 4-inch tires aren’t just for show. They soak up bumps like a champ, making even pothole-ridden streets feel smooth. Throw in the front suspension fork, and you’ve got a ride that’s comfy enough for all-day adventures.
Folding Mechanism: Clever, But Not Perfect
The Sinch 2’s folding mechanism is solid and secure. It’s not the quickest to fold, but once you get the hang of it, you’ll be collapsing and expanding this bad boy in no time. One small gripe: at 68 pounds, it’s not exactly lightweight. You won’t be casually tossing this in your boot without breaking a sweat.
The Nitty-Gritty: Components and Build Quality
Aventon’s reputation for quality shines through in the Sinch 2. Let’s break down some key components:
Frame and Finish: A Cut Above
The Sinch 2’s frame is a work of art. Smooth welds, a sleek step-through design, and a glossy finish that’ll turn heads. It’s available in Sapphire Blue or Quicksilver, both of which look stunning in person.
Brakes and Gears: Good, But Not Great
Here’s where things get a bit… meh. The Sinch 2 rocks Tektro mechanical disc brakes. They’re fine, but at this price point, hydraulic brakes would’ve been nice. The 8-speed Shimano drivetrain gets the job done, but it’s a step down from the previous model’s components.
Battery and Motor: The Heart of the Beast
The 48V, 14Ah battery is a solid performer, offering good range and quick charging. It’s removable and lockable, which is always a plus. The 500W motor (750W peak) is smooth, quiet, and packs plenty of punch for most riders.
The Elephant in the Room: Is It Worth the Price?
At $1,799 (or £1,799), the Sinch 2 isn’t cheap. But here’s the thing: it’s actually pretty good value when you consider what you’re getting:
A torque sensor e-bike under £2,000 is rare
Integrated lights, fenders, and rear rack included
High-quality frame and components
Versatile fat tire design
When you factor in Aventon’s reputation for quality and customer service, the price starts to make sense.
Who’s the Aventon Sinch 2 For?
Let’s be real: the Sinch 2 isn’t for everyone. But it might be perfect for you if:
You need a versatile e-bike for commuting and weekend adventures
Storage space is at a premium (hello, flat dwellers!)
You want a comfortable ride that can handle rough roads
You appreciate quality and are willing to pay for it
The Verdict: Is the Aventon Sinch 2 Worth It?
Look, the Aventon Sinch 2 isn’t perfect. The weight might be an issue for some, and the mechanical brakes are a bit of a letdown. But when you zoom out and look at the big picture, it’s hard not to be impressed.
The torque sensor alone sets it apart from most folding e-bikes in this price range. Throw in the fat tires, solid range, and Aventon’s reputation for quality, and you’ve got a winner on your hands.
Is it the right e-bike for everyone? Nah. But for those who need a versatile, powerful, and well-built folding e-bike, the Sinch 2 is tough to beat. It’s a bike that’ll put a smile on your face every time you ride it – and isn’t that what it’s all about?
Final Thoughts on the Aventon Sinch 2
The Aventon Sinch 2 is more than just an upgrade – it’s a reimagining of what a folding fat tire e-bike can be. It’s got the power to tackle hills, the comfort for long rides, and the convenience of a folding design. Sure, it’s got a few quirks, but show me an e-bike that doesn’t.
If you’re in the market for a folding e-bike that doesn’t compromise on performance or quality, the Sinch 2 deserves a spot at the top of your list. It’s a bike that’s ready for whatever adventure you throw at it – from daily commutes to weekend trail rides.
So, is the Aventon Sinch 2 the ultimate folding fat tire e-bike? That’s for you to decide. But one thing’s for sure: it’s definitely in the running for the title.
Why E-Bike Brake Pads Matter: Safety and Performance
When it comes to electric bikes, good brakes aren’t just important – they’re essential for your safety. Even if you’ve just purchased a shiny new e-bike, those brake pads will inevitably wear down over time. And trust me, you don’t want to discover your brakes have failed when you need them most.
That’s why replacing your e-bike brake pads is crucial maintenance you can’t ignore. But here’s the catch – you can’t just slap on any old brake pads. You need to choose replacements that are fully compatible with your specific brake system.
The most common e-bike brake brands are Shimano, Magura, Tektro, and SRAM. Generally, you’ll want to stick with brake pads from your e-bike’s manufacturer or reputable third-party companies that make compatible parts.
Let’s break down the best brake pad options for each major brand:
Shimano Brakes
Magura Brakes
Tektro Brakes
SRAM Brakes
Shimano brand pads
Magura brand pads
Tektro brand pads
SRAM brand pads
Top Brake pads
Top Brake pads
Corki brake pads
Top Brake pads
Jagwire brake pads
Corki brake pads
I’m going to dive deep into everything you need to know about e-bike brake pads – from their typical lifespan to the absolute best options on the market right now. I’ll explain what factors impact brake pad wear and how to tell if yours need replacing.
But first, check out this quick video on brake pad compatibility and top brands:
https://youtu.be/Xzp_8a91HEE
Watch to find out about brake pad compatibility and the top brands of brake pads!
Now, let’s get into the nitty-gritty of e-bike brake pads!
The Lifespan of E-Bike Brake Pads: What You Need to Know
Having top-notch brakes is non-negotiable for optimal e-bike performance and safety. That’s why it’s crucial to keep tabs on your brake pads and how they’re holding up.
Quality brake pads can last a good while, but there’s no hard and fast rule for exactly when they’ll need replacing. It could be sooner or later than you expect, depending on various factors (which I’ll get into shortly).
Here’s the thing – e-bikes are more like electric vehicles than traditional bicycles in many ways. You need to routinely maintain and replace components like the motor, battery, controller, and yes, those all-important brakes. Just like you would with a car. After all, you’ve invested good money in your e-bike!
Understanding what influences your brake pad lifespan is key to maximizing performance over time. Being aware of these factors will help you assess whether your pads are experiencing substantial wear.
Most e-bikes use disc hydraulic brakes rather than rim brakes because they offer superior stopping power and overall performance.
How Long Do Electric Bike Brake Pads Actually Last?
On average, e-bike disc brake pads can last anywhere from 1,000 to 6,000 miles. That’s a pretty big range, right? It’s because so many factors affect brake pad wear and tear.
Here’s a rundown of what determines how long your e-bike brake pads will last:
• Weather Conditions: The weather hugely impacts your braking system, especially bad weather. Wet climates cause disc brake pads to wear out faster. During rainy seasons, you’ll want to inspect your pads weekly.
• Road/Route Conditions: It’s not just weather that affects your brake pads. The terrain you ride on plays a big role too. Rocky trails will wear pads down quicker. Hilly routes also increase wear, especially if you’re riding the brakes downhill a lot.
• Riding Frequency: How often you use your e-bike is a major factor. More rides mean faster pad wear. With disc brakes, you’re looking at roughly 6,000 miles before replacement, but that varies based on other factors.
• Your Riding Style: Your personal riding habits impact brake pad life. I’m not saying change how you ride, but be aware that frequent hard braking or riding aggressively down steep hills will wear pads faster. Trail riding is particularly tough on brake pads.
• Rider Weight: If you’re on the heavier side, your brakes will need to work harder to stop, especially at higher speeds or going downhill. This increases wear over time.
• E-Bike Maintenance: Like cars, e-bikes need regular TLC. Poor maintenance leads to faster wear on all components, including brakes. Getting your e-bike serviced regularly keeps everything in good shape and lasting longer.
• Component Quality: As I mentioned earlier, e-bikes need component replacements over time. The quality of those replacement parts plays a huge role in how long they’ll last. Always opt for high-quality replacements.
Even quality electric bike brakes, like Tektro, need brake pad replacement maintenance.
How Often Should You Check Your E-Bike Brake Pads?
Before rushing to replace your brake pads, it’s smart to inspect them first. This way, you’ll know if replacement is truly necessary. I’ll walk you through this simple process in a moment. But did you know you should be checking your brake pads regularly?
As a rule of thumb, inspect your e-bike brake pads at least once a month. You’ll need to remove the pads from your bike to do this properly. When inspecting, you’re looking at how all those factors we just discussed have impacted wear and tear over the past month.
Understanding Brake Pad Wear and Tear
By keeping those wear factors in mind (weather, riding style, frequency, part quality) during your regular inspections, you’ll get a clear picture of how and why your brake pads are wearing over time. This helps you decide if they need replacing.
If you notice they’re wearing quickly or unevenly, you might need to bump up your inspection frequency to more than once a month.
Here are some questions to ask yourself:
• Has the weather been particularly harsh lately? • Have you been riding more often or tackling more hills than usual? • Did you opt for budget replacement parts on your last e-bike maintenance?
If you answered yes to any of these, you’ll want to keep a closer eye on those brake pads.
This is crucial for maintaining your electric bike. Riding with worn-out brake pads risks permanent damage to your e-bike’s brake rotor and caliper. As pads wear down, the steel backing plate could make contact with the rotor, causing serious harm.
Regular inspections help you avoid these costly issues.
How to Inspect Your E-Bike Brake Pads: A Quick Guide
To properly check your e-bike brake pads, you’ll need to remove them for a thorough assessment. Once removed, measure the width of the pads, including the backing plate.
Here’s the key: If the width of the brake pad and backing plate is less than 1/8 inch, it’s time for new brake pads. Don’t worry though – I’m about to guide you through the best replacement options on the market!
If you’re not sure how to remove your brake pads, check out this helpful video (featuring Corki Brake pads). Of course, you can always have a bike mechanic or repair shop handle the replacement if you’re not comfortable doing it yourself.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OycfoKc5Sk4
Understanding E-Bike Disc Brakes: Hydraulic vs. Mechanical
When it comes to e-bike disc brakes, there are two main types: hydraulically operated and cable-actuated (mechanical).
Hydraulic Disc Brake Systems vs. Mechanical Brakes: What’s the Difference?
Hydraulic systems use fluid-filled cables, while mechanical disc brakes use air-filled cables. Many e-bikes today use mechanical brake systems instead of hydraulic ones.
The key is to use brake pads that match the braking power and torque requirements of your specific e-bike. You should be able to see your current brake brand (like Shimano, Magura, or Tektro) marked on the components.
It’s crucial to choose brake pads compatible with your e-bike’s braking system. Thankfully, replacing brake pads is a fairly simple process. You can tackle it yourself with some video guidance, or take it to an e-bike mechanic or knowledgeable bike shop.
Either way, it’s important to know what the best brake pad options are for your particular e-bike braking system. Let’s look at ten top choices for three major disc brake brands: Shimano, Magura, and Tektro.
Nimble tires and hydraulic brakes give the Aventon Pace 500 (read the review) an advantage on the road.
The 10 Best E-Bike Brake Pads on the Market Today
E-bikes pack a lot more power than traditional bicycles. This means you need brake pads that can effectively slow you down and stop you safely. Traditional bike braking systems like rim brakes often aren’t up to the task with e-bikes. That’s why disc brakes are considered essential for most electric bikes.
No matter how good your other brake components are (levers, pistons, etc.), high-quality brake pads are crucial for transferring that braking force to the discs.
Let’s dive into the best compatible brake pads for major e-bike brake brands (you can find all of these on Amazon, and I may receive a commission if you purchase through these links).
Shimano Compatible Brake Pads
Shimano offers many popular braking systems, including XTR, Saint, Zee, Deore, and more. Here are your top options for Shimano-compatible brake pads:
If you’re using a Shimano brake system, your best bet is to go with OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) parts from Shimano. They offer both 2- and 4-piston brake pads, with options for metal or resin compounds.
You’ll find pads compatible with XTR, Deore, Deore XT, Dura-Ace, SLX, Saint, and Zee braking systems. Check out the link above for more details!
These Top Brake pads were designed specifically with e-bikes in mind. They’re built to withstand wear and tear longer thanks to a heat-resistant formula. You’ll get optimal braking performance regardless of weather conditions.
They offer both a ceramic compound and a specialized e-bike compound. These pads are compatible with many Shimano e-bike brakes, including Saint, Zee, and Deore systems. They also work with certain Tektro e-bike brakes. Visit the link above for more info!
If you’re looking for an electric bike that can handle everything from grocery runs and school drop-offs to food delivery, this Radio Flyer Electric Cargo Bike might be your perfect match. Built for versatility, this e-bike offers the power to carry heavy loads, the space to fit kids comfortably, and the reliability to make every ride smooth and safe. With a 500W motor, 80 lbs rear rack capacity, and a total payload of 330 lbs, you can pack up and go on the Flyer Flex.
Today, I’m walking you through what makes the Flyer Flex an attractive choice for a cargo ebike and also some things to consider. It has solid strengths that make it a versatile everyday vehicle. But, like anything, there are trade-offs to be aware of too.
The Pros of the Flyer Flex
First off, I like that it feels compact and manageable, despite the load it can carry.
Power and Assistance
Radio Flyer Flex Electric Cargo Bike
The 500W Flyer™ hub motor packs a decent punch. It’s not the raw power of a mid-drive motor, but for everyday commuting, carrying groceries, or riding with kids, it does the job smoothly. Imagine this: You load your kid onto the back, add a picnic lunch to the front basket, and cruise to the park without breaking a sweat. Hit a hill that’s too much, use the on-demand throttle to get you up it quick.
And because the Flyer Flex uses a torque sensor, you can control how much motor assistance you get based on how hard you pedal, making the ride feel natural and keeping you safely in control.
Initially, I wasn’t sure about only having 4 levels of pedal assist. However, I felt a significant boost at each level and had no problem hill-climbing. I didn’t even need to use level 4 Turbo mode… except when having fun!
There’s also a battery option… get the standard 40-mile range, or pay an extra $200 for the extended battery life giving you more than 50 miles on a single charge.
Payload
Now, the payload capacity of 330 lbs provides a lot of flexibility. For example, let’s say you weigh around 180 lbs—this leaves you with a generous 150 lbs for cargo or a passenger. The rear rack is 17 inches long and holds up to 80 lbs, which is fantastic for carrying a child or attaching a large grocery tote bag. These details truly make the Flyer Flex well, flexible. Keep watching for how to carry a child safely and an option to take two kids with you!
Wheels and Tires
Flyer Flex Tires: 24-inch front and 20-inch rear
Admittedly, I enjoyed the puncture-resistant tires, even though the wheels are different sizes, a 24-inch front with a 20-inch rear wheel. The smaller rear wheel kept me lower to the ground which felt stable and safe. The larger front tire made it a smooth ride with less rolling resistance than having another 20-inch tire. I can see how the more cargo carried, the more I would appreciate this lower center of gravity.
Brakes
Braking is another area where this bike excels. The **Tektro 180mm hydraulic brakes stopped on a dime. Plus, the brakes have a cut-off sensor, meaning as soon as you pull the brake lever, the motor power shuts off—giving you full control, especially on downhill rides. I certainly appreciated having reliable stopping power.
Comfort
How about Comfort? The swept-back handlebars and foam saddle are designed to keep you upright and comfortable, whether you’re riding 5 or 15 miles. The saddle isn’t super soft, but I found it comfortable and easy to pedal on. I loved how the rubber ergonomic grips were soft but kept my hands planted securely. And, as some ebike brands are leaving off important details to save money, I appreciated the full coverage fenders.
Now, here’s something that should be required on every electric utility bike…. A dual-leg kickstand. I liked being able to roll the bike forward to lift the stand. With the stand deployed, I didn’t have to worry about the bike tipping over when loading it.
Safety Features
Let’s talk about safety features. The integrated brake light and turn signals make city riding much safer. The LED headlight and taillight could be seen even in bright light.
And, with UL 2271 battery certification and 2849 Drivetrain certification, you can feel confident that your lithium-ion battery and ebike have been rigorously tested and meet safety standards.
Color Display and Tech
Then there’s the color-coded display. Although my camera didn’t capture it well, the display was readable in sunlight. Plus, it controlled the pedal assist, lights, and turn signals, and showed me battery life, speed, and distance.
Options
Finally, I love that there are two frame sizes, so the Flyer Flex should fit nicely for most riders. At 5’1”, I tested and reviewed the Small/Medium frame and found the seat height and reach were perfectly comfortable. I also appreciate this beautiful space blue color, but you can get the Flex e-bike in black too.
Potential Cons of the Flyer Flex Cargo Ebike
Now, let’s be honest, at 67-68 lbs, it’s not exactly a lightweight utility vehicle. You’ll feel that heft if you need to lift the Flex upstairs or store it vertically. If you’re rolling it into a garage, it’s no big deal. But for those living in apartments or small spaces, maneuvering it could be harder.
The 500W hub motor, while reliable, may not be enough for steep hills IF you’re near the bike’s max weight capacity. If you live in a very hilly area, greater climbing power would be nice. But on flat terrain or mild inclines, it performs well.
The standover height of 19 inches is another factor to consider. While the bike is marketed as fitting riders from 5’0″ to 6’5″, shorter riders may still feel awkward stepping over. If you’re closer to 5 feet tall, know that the step-through height is an inch or two higher than some low-step e-bikes.
What You Need to Know Before You Buy
First, it’s important to note that each frame size has slightly different measurements. For example, the Medium/Large frame is 1 and ½ inches longer than the Small/Medium frame. I’ve left a link in the description below so you can see the differences between them.
And even though the max payload capacity is 330 pounds, the maximum rider weight is only 220 lbs. I suppose this restriction has to do with proper weight distribution. So if you’re a 220-pound rider, you can still take along an additional 110 pounds of cargo, which will easily carry a small child and other essentials.
Speaking of essentials, plan on spending extra on the accessories you’ll need to carry your child or essential gear. Radio Flyer offers accessories like the Kid and Cargo Carrier, designed specifically for the Flyer Flex cargo e-bike. These add-ons will let you take along exactly what you need.
Kid and Cargo kit with Carry ‘n Go Tote
Note that the Kid and Cargo Carrier and Tote on my Flyer Flex do not come with the bike. However, they’re nice quality and a solid choice for carrying your load.
Finally, there’s a Flyer app with integrated maps and the ability to track mileage, monitor your battery, find service centers, and more.
Price
The Flyer Flex is a superbly nice and efficient electric bike so its price of $2099 isn’t surprising, albeit disappointing to those who hoped for less. Thankfully, Flyer Bikes offer an option to pay monthly, so you can enjoy your new ebike right away, but not get hit in the face with the full cost.
And, yes, you still need to consider all of the cool accessories to add to it. As I showed you previously, there are a bunch of good options from Flyer. However, you can attach just about any basket or pannier bag.
Flyer Flex Electric Cargo Bike can be used with any tote or pannier.
How It All Comes Together
Picture this: Your child is seated securely on the rear rack. You’ve stopped by the farmer’s market, loaded your produce into the front basket, and now you’re heading to the park. With the two-leg kickstand, you can park with ease and get everyone off safely. The swept-back handlebars keep you in a relaxed riding position, so your back isn’t aching by the end of the trip. And with the UL-certified drivetrain and battery, you’re confident in the bike’s safety and reliability.
For city dwellers or suburban families, the Flyer Flex checks a lot of boxes. It’s practical, fun, and well-equipped for carrying both cargo and a kid. Just keep the weight in mind if storage or lifting is a concern—and be aware that the motor might have limits on very steep hills. But, if you’re looking for an electric cargo bike that makes everyday life easier, this one is worth serious consideration.
I found the Flex Radio Flyer electric cargo bike a smart choice for families or anyone who needs to move more than just themselves. And hey! If you want to take two kids on your rides, check out my Flyer Via utility ebike review.
Whether you’re commuting, running errands, or adventuring with your family in tow, the Flyer Flex helps you pack up and go… and enjoy your ride!
You might be wondering… “What’s the big deal about just another version of an e-bike with a standard 500 Watts of motor power?”
I wondered the same thing when beginning this electric bike review. However, I believe you’ll come out of this review with a better understanding of what’s needed in a great commuter e-bike that doubles as a cruiser.
Like any electric bike, the third version of the Aventon Pace 500 has its pros and cons. You’ll want to make sure it’s the best e-bike for you before spending around $1699.
Plus, I’ll show you what I love most about the Pace 500.3 and what’s missing that you might find a little disappointing.
Continue reading as I share my Aventon Pace 500.3 electric bike review and ride experience with you.
Aventon Pace 500.3 Overview
Performance and handling are truly where this Aventon e-bike shines. Its slender frame, narrow tires, and ease of riding are the first things I noticed when riding the Pace 500.3. But, there’s still a lot to consider. Take a look at the advantages and disadvantages of the newest Pace 500 to help you decide whether this is the best electric bike for your needs.
Pros of the Pace 500.3
The Aventon Pace 500.3 qualifies as a powerful electric bike thanks to its top speed of 28 mph when using pedal assist. So, although it might be called a cruiser, there’s nothing slow about this e-bike. If you need to get somewhere fast, consider it done!
The Pace offers a battery that provides a higher-than-average range of 60 miles per charge. Thus, commuting or taking long weekend rides doesn’t have to be just a fantasy. It’s important to note that this third-generation Pace 500 has close to twice the range of the previous Pace e-bike model.
It also has 4 well-defined pedal assist levels including eco, tour, sport, and turbo modes.
Hydraulic disc brakes are a welcome benefit for excellent stopping power, especially at high speeds.
Plus, here’s what makes this e-bike perfect for commuting or cruising. The relaxed, upright riding position and swept-back handlebars provide an incredibly comfortable ride.
The Pace 500.3 also offers a standard or step-through frame, both of which come in two frame sizes to ensure the perfect fit. If you’re a fan of the step-over frame, you can choose it in midnight black or camouflage.
The step-through frame, however, makes it easy to get on and off without getting tripped up. You can choose from ghost white or blue steel, like the one I tested in my e-bike review.
Make sure to check out Aventon’s own sizing tool (click on the blue box to the right) to get the best fit.
These are all great benefits but there are some features that really add to its high value. First, you can adjust the stem! With an adjustable angle and handlebars that raise or lower, you’ll get comfortable and enjoy every ride that much more.
And, just like on the Aventon Adventure2, you’ll get a fully integrated headlight and rear lights with turn signals to keep you safe around other bikes and vehicles. Plus, the easy-to-read backlit display with an included USB port and the Aventon app keeps you connected!
And I can’t forget one of the biggest benefits of all… it’s lightweight! At only 52 lbs, it feels like a more natural ride and is easier to maneuver and lift than many other electric bikes.
Interestingly, this lightweight electric bike can hold up to 300 lbs, which should be plenty to accommodate most riders’ weight and gear.
Now, here’s what makes the Pace really stand out in value and performance… the new Pace 500.3 comes with a torque sensor. Basically, implementing a torque sensor allows you to be in charge of your ride. It’s truly a more natural pedaling experience. This type of sensor matches your momentum instead of taking off without you like a cadence sensor can.
I personally love the feeling of riding with a torque sensor because it allows full control of the ride and keeps the rider actively involved. Additionally, it helps conserve battery life, letting you take longer rides.
Remember, you can always use the on-demand thumb throttle to get you started from a full stop. Further, it can take you up to 20mph without pedaling when you’ve had enough.
With all of these advantages, and compared to other e-bikes with similar specifications, the Pace 500.3 is competitively priced, making it a very good value.
Before we take a look at the disadvantages, please take a second and subscribe to E-Biking Today on YouTube. You’ll get a ton of other informative ebike reviews and helpful information.
Safety Feature: The Pace 500.3 brake lights include turn signals to let cars and other cyclists know where you are headed.
The build of the Pace 500 version 3 is designed for comfort whether you are commuting or just cruising.
Cons of the Pace 500 version 3
Now, here are the cons of the Pace 500.3:
You’ll have to purchase your own fenders and cargo rack if you need them. At least, Aventon offers them to you when you make your purchase, making them easy to come by.
Limited off-road capability: The Pace 500.3 e-bike is primarily designed for cruising and commuting, so it may not perform as well off-road or on uneven terrain. However, if you need to do some light off-roading, you can make it work.
Like most electric bike brands that ship e-bikes to your door, the assembly will need to be completed. Fortunately, it doesn’t take long since Aventon gives you the correct tools and a great assembly video.
Finally, it is a little disappointing that the Pace 500.3 doesn’t have a front suspension, which could improve the ride on bumpy or uneven terrain. After all, even a paved road can be bumpy or jarring at times.
If this is a concern for you, it will be helpful to ride with a suspension seat post and/or upgraded saddle. You might also consider lowering the tire pressure.
Nimble tires and hydraulic brakes give the Pace 500 an advantage on the road.
Who Should Ride (or Not Ride) the Aventon Pace 500.3
Overall, the value is clear for the newest Pace 500 cruiser e-bike. Besides only weighing 52 lbs, it rides up to 60 miles at 28 mph and has a torque sensor for a very reasonable price of $1699.
Who the Aventon Pace is Best For
The Aventon Pace 500.3 is a great option for you if you commute, ride regularly, enjoy putting in the effort to pedal, or want to be comfortable on long-distance rides.
I enjoyed riding the Pace 500.3… it’s lightweight and nimble, kept me seated fully upright, and it was easy to reach the swept-back handlebars.
When to Choose A Different E-Bike Model
There is one good reason not to choose the third version of the Aventon Pace Cruiser electric bike. It may not be for you if you’d prefer the pedals to take you along on a ride instead of matching your own effort. If this is the case, you might prefer an e-bike with a cadence sensor as opposed to a torque sensor.
Conclusion
If you’d like to learn more about the Pace 500.3 or other electric bikes, be sure to take a look at other E-Biking Today articles. You can also check out other electric bike reviews such as the Aventon Adventure 2 review as well as other information on torque sensors.
I hope you’ve learned a lot from my Pace 500.3 e-bike review! Enjoy your ride!
Take a look at E-Biking Today’s other Aventon Bikes reviews:
Does anyone even make electric trikes for adults? Compared to regular electric bikes, this list is small. Surprisingly, however, there are quite a few good e-bike brands that build them.
Here’s a look at the best electric trike brands in the USA. I’ll give you a list of companies that offer e-trikes and tell you what you need to know about each brand and their best electric trikes, including location, features, cost, and what makes them special.
What are the best electric tricycle brands in the USA? Here are the companies that made the list:
Find out more below about the models of tricycles each USA brand offers. Take a look at their design, features, and cost, and discover which electric trike brand is the best overall.
No matter the reason for choosing to buy an electric trike, the best electric tricycles are the high-quality ones worth their price, which you can learn about in the detailed list above.
Check out our Bison Pro premium e-trike review below:
The AddMotor Brand began in California, back in 2011, thus being an established electric bike brand. From the beginning, their goal has been to design top-quality e-bikes that anyone can ride. Thus, four different electric trikes were created that are accessible to seniors, disabled adults, and anyone who can’t ride a two-wheel bike or doesn’t want to.
Brand Features and Benefits
There are several things that make this one of the best e-trike brands, besides the fact that they offer four models whereas most electric bike companies only offer one. Here are the benefits:
Best price guarantee (they’ll match it if you find a lower price)
Free shipping (to the contiguous 48 states)
80% pre-assembled trikes
Financing
Multiple color options on most bikes
Free gifts with purchase
Electric Trike Models
With four great options, all with 5 levels of pedal assist, it can be hard to choose from the best electric trikes. So here’s a breakdown of each:
M-360 Semi-Recumbent ElectricTrike– Super popular for people who are disabled or have back pain, the semi-recumbent tricycle allows you to sit in a strong upright position without having to reach forward for the handlebars. Plus, it has 750W of electric power and the ability to roll smoothly over uneven terrain.
At the lowest cost of the four models, the M-330 P7even comes with a rear basket and fenders at no additional charge, making this trike an excellent value. Plus, it still has the powerful motor, long-range, and huge load capacity of the other models. The possible downside: It only comes with a black frame.
The brand new 2022 M-340 e-trike with a sturdy frame, powerful 750W rear hub motor, up to 55+ mile range, and a total payload capacity of up to 450lbs. Plus, its thick, padded saddle has a backrest for total comfort.
The Addmotor MOTAN M-350 P7 is a stable, agile trike built for urban riding in comfort. It has a wide saddle, 80mm travel front suspension, integrated lights, and a free rear basket liner as a gift. Additionally, it has 4.0″ fat tires to get over even rougher terrain.
With great value for the price, electric trikes start at a regular price of $3399, with only $200 more for three out of the four models (check here for discounts).
Sixthreezero began way before the electric bike trend did. Although the company was formed in 2005, the owners formed a love of bike cruising in the beach city of Hermosa Beach long before then. Their ongoing love of comfortable cruiser bikes translates into their goal of designing fun, quality electric cruising bikes that’ll last.
Although they only have one electric tricycle, they stay true to their cruiser model. Here’s what you can expect overall:
Free shipping within the U.S. (Discounted shipping for Alaska and Hawaii)
Free return shipping if dissatisfied
90-day test ride
80% pre-assembled
Financing available
Height and weight calculator + “Body Fit” quiz to make sure the fit is right
E-Trike Model
The EVRYjourney Tricycle has a 250W and comes in 4 cool colors. It can go up to 28 mph in pedal assist mode (Class Three) and up to 15 mph with throttle only. Narrow 1.95″ tires make it agile and can take you up to 60 miles with one battery charge.
Plus, the ergonomic frame, upright seating, and wide seat make this e-trike ultra-comfortable. An added benefit is that the pedals are moved forward a bit more than traditional bikes, so you can easily extend your legs for a comfortable ride. Generally speaking, the EVRYjourney fits riders from 5 feet to 6 feet tall, but be sure to take their Body Fit Quiz.
Cost
Priced at $2199, it certainly beats out most other electric trikes and certainly offers the best value of any USA brand e-tricycle. Plus, you get a rear folding basket with your purchase.
Combining almost 125+ years of experience in the cycling industry, Buzz electric bikes offer quality e-bikes and e-trikes at affordable prices. Part of the United Wheels brand, Buzz Bikes has access to large manufacturing which keeps their prices down, even on their electric trike.
Located in the U.S. heartland in Dayton, Ohio, they offer the Buzz Across America promotion that awards small businesses with one of their e-bikes.
Buzz Bikes Cerana Trike
Brand Features and Benefits
Thanks to their focus on community, Buzz creates electric bikes that are accessible to more people. They have great benefits including:
Comprehensive warranty: 2 years limited warranty on electronics, 10 years on frame
Free Shipping in the continental United States
30-day return policy
Financing
Gift Cards
Electric Tricycle
The Cerana T electric trike matches the specs of the Buzz Cerana e-bike but with three wheels. The oversized tires (larger in the front than in the back) and wide padded saddle offer comfort and a smooth ride.
What makes it particularly unique is its mid-drive motor that responds quickly to your actions. With 350W, it can take you up to 20 mph using pedal assist. And you can ride up to 40 miles with the 4 pedal assist levels and 7-speed gears.
Plus, you get a headlight, rear foldable rack, front basket, and a USB port to charge your phone… all included.
Cost
At just $1699, you can have it shipped directly to you, with your choice of gloss white or matte blue.
With its main warehouse located in Pennsylvania, Liberty Bikes is a USA company through and through. as a part of Electric Bike Technologies, they’ve actually been making bikes and industrial trikes for over 125 years! This makes them one of the oldest bicycle makers in the United States which is still manufacturing and delivering to consumers.
What’s really interesting is that the first Liberty Trike was introduced through Indiegogo and Kickstarter crowdfunding campaigns in 2015.
Liberty Trike
Brand Features and Benefits
This company has expanded its line-up from bikes and mobility trikes to an electric trike that offers more than just standard mobility. It’s intended to give you access to do more, see more, and be more active overall. When you buy from them you should expect the following:
Pay $40 flat rate shipping (only shipped to the contiguous U.S.)
Direct to the consumer only
Financing available
Industrial strength
Electric Trike Models
Calling it an “active mobility” trike, the Liberty Trike is not just a mobility scooter for seniors or the disabled. It has a 750W motor that climbs steep hills, although pedaling along with it is recommended. It has a top speed of 12 mph and a range of up to 20 miles, which is twice that of mobility scooters.
Unlike other electric tricycles, its narrow frame and smaller wheels can traverse even grocery store aisles (if they let you, that is). So, even though this trike is for anyone, seniors who want to ride e-bikes should take a look at it.
Cost
At a price of only $1598, this is a more affordable e-trike, especially if you are retired or disabled.
Zize Bikes was founded in 2005 by Joan Denizot. Joan’s unique goal for her e-bike company is to make electric bikes that are sturdy enough for people over 200 lbs. She recognizes that e-biking is a great form of exercise for heavy people as it puts less pressure on your joints. This unique brand is based in Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Zize Semi-Recumbent Tricycle
Brand Features and Benefits
An important feature of this brand is that they have three frame sizes for their e-bikes, all made for larger people. Since these electric bicycles are made for heavy cyclists, it’s important to note that the “Small” frame will only fit people who are 5’8″, while the largest one fits cyclists 6’3″ and taller. But, when it comes to their electric tricycles, there is only one frame size that fits just about everyone from 4’11” to 6’4″.
The benefits of buying an electric trike from Zize are:
Free shipping within the continental U.S.
Worldwide shipping
Limited Lifetime frame warranty
60-day return policy
100% money-back guarantee
Bike financing
Bike sizing guide
Electric Tricycle
There’s just one electric trike to choose from but it has a weight capacity of 550 lbs and should fit just about anyone 4’11” and taller.
Supersized Personal Activity Vehicle Tricycle E-Bike– At $5100, this is a huge price jump from their non-motorized tricycle ($2800). Simply put a front hub motor and lead-acid battery were added to their regular tricycle. So, it still has Kevlar-reinforced tires, with slightly larger ones in the rear (24″ x 2.125″ as compared to the single front tire at 20″ x 2.125″).
Besides being built for strength, it’s designed for comfort. So it includes a large, padded “high-back captain’s seat” on a sliding rack that can be adjusted for the best fit. Plus, it comes with a rear basket and rear fenders.
Cost
The general cost is $5100 and you get your choice of 5 bright colors.
However, plan on spending up to a few hundred dollars more: Zize requires your electric tricycle to be professionally assembled; otherwise, it will void the warranty.
Another California electric bike brand, Emojo has dedicated itself to a green lifestyle that meets the desires of its customers. Their goal is to reduce the use of cars and provide e-bikes and e-trikes for recreational and commuting purposes. Take a look at the detailed review of the Emojo Bison Pro Fat Tire E-Bike!
With two versions of the same electric tricycle model to choose from, it’s just a matter of deciding if two hundred dollars more is worth it for the Pro version.
The Emojo Caddy and Caddy Pro (Amazon) both have a 500W motor, a 35-mile range, and 7-speed gears. The major difference is that the Caddy Pro has hydraulic disc brakes, as opposed to regular mechanical disc brakes. This makes it easier to operate and stop thanks to the more powerful brakes. Both come with front and rear baskets, but only the Pro comes in a choice of three colors.
Cost
The Caddy Pro costs $3199 (regular price) as compared to $2999 for the basic Caddy.
Outrider USA is certainly special at the core. Their electric tricycles are hand-built to accommodate disabled individuals with injuries, neurological disorders, and other medical concerns as well as riders who just want to keep up with traffic speed for their own safety.
Located in North Carolina, this unique electric bike brand began in 2009 and to this day assists in making biking accessible for a variety of physical abilities.
Outrider USA Adaptive Trike
Brand Features and Benefits
Outrider lets you decide what you need from the start. So, you choose your own motor (from 1000 watts and up) and battery (giving you a range of up to 50 miles or 100 miles) as well as accessories such as headlights, cargo racks, and much more. They also offer:
Extended rentals allow for test rides
2 year limited warranty
Financing
Adaptive hunting ATVs
Electric Tricycles
Since they have a variety of hand-built models, which you help create, I’ll focus on the features of the least expensive model, the Transition (Mid-Duty Road) Electric tricycle (priced at $6700).
This electric trike is built to order and features ergonomic seating, excellent handling on wet and dry roads, a high-powered electric motor, and a long-range battery. It’s lightweight and adjustable for both big riders and small e-bike riders.
One important thing to know about this electric trike is that it’s not legal to ride on public roads or many other places. This is due to the 1000W and up motors included. Thus, you need to look into the location in which you’ll be riding to determine the laws and where you can ride it legally. Read more about the classification of electric bikes and follow the laws in your state and city.
Cost
The price of these adaptive electric trikes is prohibitive in many cases, due to their unique qualities and being built to order. That’s why they sell as high as $16000. You may have to get creative in paying for one of these or use the company’s own financing.
Who Makes the Best Electric Trike in the United States?
A majority of electric bike companies either outsource the build to other countries, especially China and Taiwan or may use components primarily designed and manufactured in China. The electric tricycle brands listed here were founded and primarily designed in the USA, with components often sourced from other places.
That being said, the best electric tricycle in the U.S. is the sturdy Emojo Bison Pro with its solid step-through frame, powerful electric motors, long-distance battery range, and luxury features. Mooncool wins over with its wide selection of affordable e-trikes.
As always, the best electric bike or trike is the one that meets your needs. So, I hope this list of the best electric tricycle USA brands and models has helped you decide which one to buy.
Recently, there’s been talk of electric BMX bikes, but there hasn’t been a lot of information on what this means and where BMX e-bikes are headed. Are there truly bikes that are e-BMX? And which electric bike is the best BMX bike?
The best electric BMX bike is the Ultra Urban 1100 from Zooz Bikes, which has 3 BMX-style e-bikes. Zooz has managed to build an electric motor and battery into a BMX frame. There are a couple of other brands that claim to have an e-BMX as well.
Below, you’ll find out what you need to know about the Zooz electric BMX bikes and other brands that carry them… and why you just have to have one. But, first, is there a difference between regular electric bikes and BMX e-bikes?
Best Electric BMX Bike-Zooz Ultra Urban 1100
What Is an Electric BMX Bike?
You might be wondering if it’s even possible to build a BMX-style bike with electric components. This is a real challenge, and perhaps the reason there are so few offered in the electric bicycle market.
In general, a BMX electric bike has a frame similar to a regular BMX bike but with a motor and battery added to it. It can perform tricks, jumps, and aerial stunts with some limitations as compared to a regular bike.
Limitations in how high you can jump and twist are not surprising given the added weight of a lithium battery and hub motor. Still, companies are working to figure out how to combine BMX bikes and e-bikes to make the best e-BMX.
Best Electric BMX Style Bikes: Brands and Models
If you’re looking for an electric BMX bike, then you’ll be considering a small list, especially as compared to the ever-growing list of e-bikes.
Here are the best electric BMX bikes and their key specs: (Update 10/23/24: Zooz is currently offline but will be back soon).
Ultimately, the best BMX bike will give you endless thrills, especially when combining it with electric power. This is why Zooz Bikes doesn’t have much if any, competition. Take a look…
Zooz Ultra Urban 750 Electric BMX Bike
Zooz Electric BMX
Zooz Bikes set out with the intent to create the “best electric urban bike.” Now, their e-bikes can be found throughout the world in several of the biggest cities including Los Angeles, New York, London, and Dubai.
Why Zooz Has the Best Electric BMX Bikes
Clearly, the urban meets BMX look of their electric bikes is the first thing that stands out! It’s almost hard to believe that you can have a BMX-style bike that’s electric, high-performance, and practical. Not only will it get you where you’re going, and fast, you’ll have a ton of fun along the way. Plus their unique saddles are built to house the battery and carry a second rider.
The Zooz Ultra Urban 1100 is on the top of the charts. It has a 750W motor with 1600W peak power and a 52V/19.2Ah Li-Ion battery, making it super powerful and fast. For true thrill-seekers, this is the ultimate BMX e-bike. Although it’s a Class 2 e-bike, it can be modified to get a top speed of 33 mph, which is way faster than the average e-bike speed of 20 mph.
When comparing the Ultra Urban 1100 to the Zooz Ultra Urban 750, the only physical differences you’ll see are the sizes of the battery and motor. Naturally, they’re a bit larger on the Urban 1100 to pack in greater power. But the truth is that all of their models are fast and exciting to ride.
Zooz Brand carries the best e-BMX bikes for several reasons:
Multiple Versions– Three models with different top speeds, motor power, and payload capacity to choose from
Powerful Battery– The Ultra Urban 1100 has the most power with a 52V/19.2Ah Li-Ion battery
Hydraulic Disc Brakes– All models have them… the 1100 model, however, has the heaviest-duty F/1203mm R/180mm brakes
Steel Frame– Patented design made from Chromoly steel
Brand Name Tires– Maxxis 24×2.5 tires on the 2 most powerful models
Throttle and Pedal Assist– Included on all three bikes
The Power Performer is styled and built for durability like a BMX but has an aluminum frame and 29″ wheels, making it a bit higher off the ground than regular BMX bikes. The tall wheels plus its hub driven pedal assist, 9-speed levels, and “floating” seat gives you the practicality of an electric bicycle with the excitement of BMX riding.
The Stealth electric bike is a German-designed, crowd-sourced wonder. With its Chrome-plated, Chromoly steel frame, unusually small, hidden battery, and mid-drive motor, it’s an electric bicycle with true BMX style.
It’s easy to carry, weighing only 41 pounds, and includes special features like a premium leather crash pad, GPS tracking, and an LCD display.
Being called the “fat” BMX electric bike, the Original Billy ebike has unique styling with a polished aluminum frame, hydraulic disc brakes, and a rear swing arm to give you precise adjustment. The 20″x 4″ fat tires put it in an e-BMX class of its own.
What’s particularly surprising about this e-bike is that it has a Gates carbon belt drive with an 18K mile warranty. And since a belt drive isn’t too common, it’s no wonder this bike is hard to get!
If you’re willing to wait for it, you can find it here.
The UNI MK Classic is the perfect electric bike to ride just about anywhere, as its 250W motor meets legal standards in Germany as well as just about any country or city. One of the coolest things about it is the extra-large “motorcycle” headlight on the front.
Although customers have compared this e-bike to their childhood BMX, you’ll find it to be a practical bike that’s also good for typical urban adventures. After all, it fits many needs, including an extra-long seat to carry a child in the front.
Urban Drivestyle UNI MK Classic BMX Style
Electric BMX Kits
If you’re considering converting your own BMX bike to an electric bike, you may have trouble finding the right size conversion kit. If your bike has 20″ wheels, then it’s best to use a 20″ rear wheel kit. The same holds true for other wheel sizes. You may have a hard time finding 24″ rear wheel kits, for example.
However, you should be able to do an e-bike conversion on your BMX to electric pretty easily if you’re looking for a rear hub motor kit and can find the correct wheel size and if you are satisfied with a 250W motor. If you expect a more powerful bike, you might wish to consider getting one of the bikes listed above.
Here’s the dilemma… should you use a kit to convert your BMX to an e-bike or buy a new BMX e-bike? Undoubtedly, using a conversion kit will save you money. However, BMX-styled electric bikes are built from the ground up to handle the extra electronic weight and ride quality.
In this case, a conversion kit may not be worth it if you are particular about your ride quality or if you aren’t an experienced bike technician.
Final Thoughts
In the electric bike world, electric BMX bikes aren’t yet very common. So, if your heart is set on taking a thrilling ride every day, to anywhere you wish to go, The Zooz Ultra Urban 1100 is the best BMX bike thanks to its power, top speed, and availability.
If you want to cut costs and don’t need so much speed and power, then the Zooz 750 model is a great choice, as it’s still more powerful than the other bikes listed.
Welcome to E-Biking Today, where I’m counting down the “Top 5 Electric Bikes for Seniors.” If you’re over 50 (or 60 or 70) and looking for an easy, comfortable, and reliable way to stay active and get around, you’re in the right place!
A Bike-Riding Revolution for Seniors
E-biking isn’t just for young riders—research shows that people over 50 increasingly choose biking to stay fit, reduce stress, and enjoy the outdoors. Further, studies show that seniors using e-bikes ride on average 50% longer distances than those on traditional bikes. The motor assistance encourages longer journeys, allowing older adults to explore more without worrying about fatigue or discomfort.
Whether you’re riding for fun, transportation, or fitness, finding a senior-friendly e-bike is key, especially if you’re looking for something that’s easy to handle and offers the comfort needed for longer rides. After carefully reviewing and test-riding a variety of models in the past two years, I’ve hand-selected the ebikes for today’s top 5 countdown of the best electric bicycles for seniors.
Selection Criteria: Top 5 E-bikes for Seniors
First, here are my criteria for choosing these 5 electric bikes, all of which I’ve reviewed and ridden.
Ease of use: Low step-through frames, lightweight designs, and easy mounting
Comfort: Upright seating positions, cushioned saddles, and smooth rides
Power and performance: Motors that offer a boost without overwhelming
Safety: Features like sturdy braking systems, visibility, and stability
Affordability and value: Balancing high quality with reasonable prices
Top 5 Best Electric Bicycles for Seniors: The Countdown
Tenways CGO800S Electric Bike
Ebike #5: Tenways CGO800S
Motor: 350W
Weight: 46 lbs
Drive: Belt drive (low maintenance, no chain issues)
Frame: Low-step for easy mounting
Price Range: Mid-tier $1999
Starting with #5 in our countdown is the Tenways CGO800S, a sleek, lightweight, and incredibly smooth-riding bike priced just under $2000. Its belt drive system is perfect for seniors who don’t want to deal with messy chains and constant upkeep. It’s designed for those looking for a bike that’s quiet and easy to pedal with just the right amount of motor assist from the 350W motor.
While it doesn’t have a throttle for pure-electric riding, its pedal-assist kicks in seamlessly, making long-distance rides a breeze. Plus, at 46 lbs, it’s one of the lightest e-bikes on the market, making it easy to maneuver and stop.
The Ride1Up Portola is a powerful yet affordable folding e-bike, making it ideal for seniors who live in smaller spaces or want to take their bikes on the go. Its 750W motor gives it a bit more power than the Tenways, and its step-through height of 18 inches ensures easy mounting and dismounting. Despite its power, the Ride1Up is well-balanced, low to the ground, and not too heavy at 60 lbs. The Portola also comes with a compact folding frame, which is especially useful if you need to store it in a small space or load it into a car.
The Lectric XPress stands out for its versatility and power options… choose from a 500W or 750W motor. With a torque sensor, it’s a smooth ride that lets you have control over how much work you put into it. And it’s designed with a low step-through frame, making it easy to get on and off. With **18.5 inches** of clearance, it’s a perfect fit for most seniors who want something that’s comfortable but powerful enough to give them a boost when needed. Currently, you can get the 500W motor for $999 or the 750-watt motor for $1299.
Coming in at #2 in our top 5 countdown, the Aventon Pace 500.3 is a fantastic all-rounder, priced at $1799. It combines power with comfort, thanks to its 500W motor and lightweight 54 lbs frame. The step-through frame is designed for easy mounting, and the e-bike offers an upright, comfortable riding position—something seniors appreciate on long rides. The Aventon Pace includes features like a color display, app integration, and built-in lights for added safety.
ELECTRIC BIKE COMPANY MODEL R- Fully customized and shipped completely built!
#1: Electric Bike Company Model R
Motor: 750W
Weight: 56 lbs
Step-through height: 16”-17”
Price: $1699+ (fully customizable)
Taking the number one top spot for the most senior-friendly ebike is the Electric Bike Company Model R, the only truly customizable e-bike on the market. With a 750W motor, it’s powerful enough for any terrain. But the real highlight is that you can adjust everything from the saddle and tires to the pedal assist sensor and security features to suit your riding needs perfectly.
It’s also one of the easiest bikes to get on and off, thanks to its low step-through height of just 16-17 inches. This model is ideal for seniors looking for maximum comfort and personalization, along with premium performance. Get everything you want starting at $1699.
It’s fully customizable to ensure maximum comfort and fit
The Powerful motor is perfect for longer rides and hill climbing, allowing you to ride farther and explore more.
Plus, it has one of the lowest step-through heights on the market, making it super easy to step on and off.
By the way, be sure to see my detailed review of the Electric Bike Company Model R. You’ll see how easy it is to customize and quickly ride the Model R.
There you have it! The Top 5 best electric bicycles for seniors. Each of these e-bikes offers something unique, but all are tailored to the needs of seniors ages 50+.
Whether you’re looking for something lightweight and comfortable like the Aventon Pace 500, or a more powerful, customizable option like the Electric Bike Company Model R, these ebikes are perfect for staying active, exploring new places, and getting around with ease. Let me know which one stands out to you in the comments!
Hey everyone! I’ve got something exceptional to share with you. I had the opportunity to customize a USA-built e-bike from the Electric Bike Company. And let me tell you, it was an amazing experience! From start to finish, customizing this e-bike was fun but also incredibly personal, making it the most enjoyable e-bike I’ve ever reviewed.
I customized the Model R electric cruiser bike, a popular model with style, comfort, and high performance. I’ll give you the full scoop on this 750-watt, max 28 miles per hour e-bike, including the pros and cons and who this is the best e-bike for. Plus, I’ll show you how to customize your Electric Bike Company e-cruiser to fit your lifestyle and needs.
But that’s not all. I’ve got a surprise add-on that brings this bike’s style AND safety into the new year. It’s time to ride into the world of Electric Bike Company e-bike customization!
Let’s get started with the key pros of the exceptional Electric Bike Company Model R electric bike.
Pros of the Model R
ELECTRIC BIKE COMPANY MODEL R
Warranty
Electric Bike Company offers a 5-year battery warranty and a 10-year motor warranty. This is an exceptional offer, especially at its price point!
Custom Color Choices
I was first thrilled to discover their expansive custom color choices. This wasn’t just about picking an e-bike; it was about creating the perfect customized design. With a wide array of 44+ colors ranging from vibrant, eye-catching shades to elegant, classic tones, choosing was so much fun.
What really stood out to me was the ability to extend my color selection beyond the frame. I chose colors for the frame, fenders, suspension fork, chain guard, optional front basket & liner, rear rack, rims, grips, seat, and trim! This level of customization added a personal touch to my bike. I was also impressed by the quality of the paint finish, which tells me that the Electric Bike Company isn’t just about aesthetics.
Choosing from the Model R’s customizable features was like adding a personal signature to my ebike. Here are some of the many other customizable options:
EBC rear rack and tires
Tires
The Model R offers a choice between two sets of tires. You can select the EBC Rhino 26″ x 3″ for a robust, all-terrain experience or opt for the Schwalbe Big Apple 24″ x 2″ for a smoother, urban ride. I chose the fatter Rhino tires so that dirt and gravel roads would be easily manageable.
Torque Sensor vs Cadence sensor
I selected a torque sensor for a smoother, more natural riding experience. And it did not disappoint. This option makes the Model R the best cruiser e-bike!
Fender Style
The sports fenders were perfect for me, but you can also choose traditional fenders for a classic look.
140 Miles with their biggest battery (14 Ah + 20Ah)*
This variety of battery choices tailors the bike’s range to your riding habits and needs. Riding up to 60 miles on the included 12-Amp-hour battery was perfect for me.
Basket and Rear Rack
Yellow Basket with lights- Electric Bike Company
I added both the front basket and rear rack for convenience and style. The large front basket not only looks good but I was able to toss in my jacket, keys, and phone… and store my helmet.
The rear rack is another essential accessory that lets me secure almost anything. It’s sturdy and efficient. I’ll tell you more about this special MIK rack system later in “What You Need to Know”.
Display
Not only is the display easy to read but it’s also simple to use. Here are how some of the features work:
You’ll know the battery is fully charged at 50V… and when it gets to around 42, it’s time to recharge the battery.
Push the “on” button once and get your average speed. Push again for your maximum speed.
Hold the “Up” arrow key to turn on and off the headlight; then toggle the light switch on the handlebars to turn on one or both headlights, depending on the brightness desired.
Additional Style Customization
Here are other equipment features I customized to add style:
cruiser handlebars
jumbo seat
leather grips
7-speed drivetrain
suspension seatpost
remote anti-theft alarm
upgraded tech package with lights and turn signals
advanced braking system
advanced LCD Display
repair kit
Watch the video review for details on customizing your electric cruiser bike.
With seven adjustment points, the Model R e-bike can accommodate riders ranging in height from 5’0″ to 6′ 8″. This level of customization in seating and handlebar positioning ensures a comfortable ride for people of varying heights and body types. Truly, the Model R is everything I’d hoped for in a comfortable cruiser e-bike!
Lightweight Design
Before adding a basket or rear rack, the Model R weighs in at 56 lbs. This lightweight design enhances its maneuverability and ease of handling. However, see the problems with adding accessories under the list of Cons.
Impressive Weight Capacity
One of the most notable features is its substantial weight capacity of 420 lbs. This high capacity makes the Model R incredibly versatile, suitable for a wide range of riders, and even allows for additional cargo without compromising performance.
Efficient Charging
With the Smart Super Charger, the Model R’s battery can be fully charged in just 2-3 hours. This makes it ideal for riders who are always on the go.
Fully Assembled
One of the most exciting things about EBC bikes is that they ship fully assembled! Pull your full-size e-bike out of the side of the box, tighten the handlebar stem, and you’re ready to ride! Watch how easy it is in the Model R review video.
Custom Bike Helmet
Oh, and here’s the promised surprise: I designed a cool urban helmet customized to match my E-Biking Today-themed electric bike! You can create a stylish bike helmet by choosing from the same 44 color options as the bike. Plus, you can pick the trim, strap type and color, and size. Charge the bike helmet for 1 hour and ride up to 5 hours using five different lighting modes!
My EBC Model R and Custom Bike Helmet
Cons of the Electric Bike Company Model R
The primary cons of the Model R electric bike revolve around the added basket. Truly, I love the basket, so what’s the deal?
The first problem is that the handlebars were wedged inside the basket after removing it from the box. In my attempt to get them out of the basket, the basket’s paint was chipped a bit. However, it won’t be a problem if you first remove the handlebars and then tighten them back in.
Next, the basket adds weight and bulk to the e-bike overall, which may be a concern if you’re looking for a lightweight e-bike. Further, you’ll have to get used to watching the wheel turn without the basket following. It’s a little disorienting at first but something I’ve gotten used to.
You can solve all these problems by not customizing your electric bike with the basket. However, after riding several times with the basket, I wouldn’t trade it! It’s deep and sturdy… and it carries so many things. Plus, it’s a great place to drop my helmet when not riding.
Price
The Electric Bike Company Model R starts at a base price of $1699. Beware, you’ll have so much fun customizing your new e-bike that it could be more expensive than you planned for. Play around by adding and customizing what you want and then consider removing features, depending on your e-bike budget.
EBC MODEL R
What You Need to Know Before You Buy
There are a few other features you won’t want to miss:
First, there’s an Easy-to-Read LCD Display.
Then there’s the M-I-K Racking System that comes on all Electric Bike Company bikes. In a second, I can tightly hold cargo underneath the arm. But the MIK system also lets you attach over 1000 accessories with an adapter plate in one “click” rather than messing with ties, or bungees.
Another option worth considering is the Anti-theft alarm The alarm uses a handy remote for convenient arming and disarming. It also has a panic button for emergency situations and an electric horn for alerting others.
Is the Model R Electric Bike Company E-Bike for You?
If you want a high-quality, USA-built, customizable e-cruiser that lets you cruise comfortably on long rides at your own pace, then this is the perfect e-bike. Truly, the customization choices offered by the Electric Bike Company have made every ride a personal statement.. Yes, I get a lot of attention when riding down the street.
Check out the e-bike customization link to create the electric bike of your dreams. You can play around with your design as long as you like and even save your design for later. Now, go make your own personal statement and enjoy your ride!
Electric bike batteries are one of the most expensive parts of the bike. Unfortunately, they don’t last forever and battery failure will occur eventually. This leaves e-bike riders wondering if their batteries can be rebuilt or repaired safely?
Electric bike batteries can be repaired and rebuilt. Repairing the battery means replacing broken parts while rebuilding is replacing worn parts before they fail entirely. Refurbishing an old e-bike battery is cheaper than replacing it and can improve the battery to its former level of function.
An important part of owning an electric bike is properly maintaining and caring for the battery. Without a functioning battery, an e-bike is really just a heavy bicycle!
If your e-bike battery no longer recharges, a full charge cycle doesn’t hold, or you have a damaged battery, there are some viable options available to help you get it running again. Let’s take a closer look at refurbishing electric bicycle batteries by rebuilding or repairing them.
Fortunately, a broken or worn-out electric bike battery can be repaired or rebuilt. The process of refurbishing includes installing new battery cells and repairing any worn-out or damaged components such as the battery management system (BMS), wiring, or even the casing or mountings of the battery.
Battery Refurbishment
Refurbishing old e-bike batteries may be a simple repair (like fixing a loose connection) or a complete rebuild. It may be done on its own or accompany an e-bike conversion.
Rebuilding the battery will entail completely overhauling it and installing new cells, wiring, battery management system, connectors, and any other components that are likely to wear out or cause the battery to fail.
A repair will simply involve repairing or replacing the primary cause of the fault or break in the battery. This usually entails replacing one or two battery components before returning them to the customer.
This is typically only done if it’s still in good working condition in every regard other than the fault; otherwise, the entire battery will require refurbishing.
All e-bike battery rebuilds, repairs, and refurbishing should be done by a qualified technician with experience and access to high-quality components.
This type of work can do more harm than good to an ebike battery if it’s not completed to a high standard.
Can All E-Bike Batteries Be Rebuilt or Repaired?
Electric bike batteries have been around for a good number of years now and there are many brands and manufacturers that produce them. This means that there is a large variety of e-bike batteries.
However, the trouble that comes with such a wide range of batteries is that some are so old and used that they can no longer be repaired, and other batteries are so advanced that they are almost impossible to repair without causing harm to the battery.
However, there are batteries that can be refurbished well and even drastically improved. The trick is knowing which brands and types of these higher-energy batteries are eligible for rebuilding.
Very old batteries are sometimes irreparable depending on the technology; if a battery pack is too damaged, it cannot be repaired and should rather be replaced. And there are some batteries that have battery management systems that are too advanced for refurbishment. Bike shop repair technicians won’t work on these ones.
Further, now that lithium-ion batteries are commonplace among the best electric bikes, it’s important to know that, although they can be rebuilt, they may be difficult.
The main two brands of batteries that repairers tend to turn down are Bosch and Panasonic. This is due to the advanced intelligent lithium battery management systems that these batteries are equipped with.
List of E-Bike Battery Brands That Can Typically Be Refurbished
Here is a list of the most common battery brands for e-bikes that can be easily repaired, refurbished, and rebuilt by experienced bike technicians:
A2B
Alpine Sports
Bionix
Busettii
Currie / i-Zip / TransX
Cyclamatic
E-moto
Easy Motion by BH
Evelo
eZee / Hebb
FLX
Gazelle
Giant
Ital Jet
Jetson
Juiced Riders
Lee laCocca / EV Global
Lyric
LPX
Pedego
Prodeco
Protanium / Torker
Raleigh
Schwinn
Silver Fish
Smarta
Stromer
Trikke
Urban Mover
Wisper
It’s a good idea to keep sand and other particles out of the battery connection points!
How Are Electric Bike Batteries Refurbished?
Refurbishing an electric bicycle battery is the best way to bring new life into an old one that’s no longer performing as well as it should be.
Old batteries require refurbishing when the time between each full charge is drastically diminished (even when the battery is low on power). Or if the battery’s performance is poor… thus if the battery is not charging well or is taking a very long time to charge.
The Process of Refurbishing an E-Bike Battery Includes:
Checking the exterior casing and mountings for damage.
Opening the housing of the battery pack to access internal components.
Identifying any damage or faults with the internal workings.
Detaching all pre-existing dead cells in preparation for new or upgraded cells.
The repair process for an ebike battery is different from that of a refurbishment.
Repairing is more focused on replacing components that have been damaged or broken, rather than restoring an old or worn-out battery to full working condition.
3 Steps to Repairing the Battery
This process involves performing diagnostics to identify the broken or faulty components.
The next step in the process is disconnecting and removing the culprit parts.
Once the parts have been removed, replacement parts can be installed to return the battery to full working order.
If a component of the battery can be repaired rather than replaced, this may be a viable option, depending on how severe the damage to the component is.
The process of repairing an eBike battery is different in every instance, as different components may need to be replaced or repaired depending upon the damage.
Repairing one is usually only done for batteries that are relatively new and thus don’t need to be completely refurbished. Typically, the repair is for newer batteries that have been damaged or misused, rather than those that are worn out. In this case, the repair cost is cheaper than replacing your e-bike’s battery.
Pros and Cons of Refurbished or Repaired E-Bike Batteries
E-bike batteries don’t last forever and will require some repairs or refurbishment eventually. Even this won’t extend the battery life for the entire existence of the bike itself.
That being said, there are some advantages and some disadvantages to repairing and refurbishing bike batteries that you may not have considered.
Let’s take the time to go over the pros and cons of refurbishing and repairing them.
Pros and Cons of Repairing an E-Bike Battery
There are a lot of things to consider before deciding to repair your battery. First, if your electric bike itself is worn down and/or outdated, you may wish to buy a new one, which will already include a brand-new battery.
But if you’re sure you want to keep riding your current electric bike, then take a look at the list of pros and cons I’ve put together to help you decide whether to repair or replace your old battery.
Pros:
Any faulty or broken parts are replaced safely.
The battery will function normally after repairs.
Repairs safety concerns and removes the possibility of hazards such as fires.
The battery will not need to be rebuilt if repairs are made quickly and properly.
Repairs are a good deal less expensive than buying a new battery.
Cons:
Battery repairs can be costly depending on the type and severity of the damage.
Repairs may take a long time to complete.
Finding the right bike shop or repair technician can be difficult.
If the battery is irreparable, the repairer may still charge you for the assessment even if the battery is not repaired.
Repairing a broken part is risky, especially if there are underlying issues causing the fault.
If the technician is inexperienced or unqualified, they may ruin the battery.
Opening the battery may void the warranty.
Pros and Cons of Refurbishing an E-Bike Battery
As mentioned above, make sure you are happy with your current e-bike before you decide to refurbish it.
Some of the pros and cons of refurbishing an ebike battery are:
Pros:
The battery will function well or even better than when it was new.
Refurbishments often include upgrading battery capacity and performance.
Less expensive than buying a new battery pack.
It will be reinstalled easily with the original battery case.
Using a good repairer will ensure high-quality components.
Refurbishing will significantly extend the battery’s lifespan.
Refurbishments often come with a 12-month warranty.
Cons:
Refurbishments can be expensive, even more so than repairs.
Working on high-voltage batteries can take a very long time.
Opening the battery casing may void the warranty.
Poor quality work may worsen the condition of the battery pack.
Not all battery types, models, and brands can be refurbished.
How Long Do Repaired or Refurbished eBike Batteries Last?
E-bike batteries typically last for 2 – 4 years, depending on how well the battery is cared for and maintained. But can repaired or refurbished batteries last for the same length of time and use?
Refurbished batteries will last as long or longer than new e-bike batteries. This is due to advancements in technology, meaning that the new components may last longer than the original parts.
Repaired batteries may not last as long, depending on the type and severity of the damage that had to be repaired.
The lifespan of a repaired, refurbished, or rebuilt battery is entirely dependent on the quality of the new components that are installed, the quality of the workmanship, and the type of battery. Lithium-ion batteries generally last for about 1000 charge cycles, while Nickle batteries and Lead batteries only last for about 500 and 300 charges respectively.
A lithium battery that has been worked on or installed by a bike repairer with experience, and who used high-quality hardware, will last for as long or longer than a brand new electric bike battery pack.
If the components and workmanship are not of good quality, the battery may not last at all, and it may well wear out or break significantly sooner than a new battery would.
For this reason, it’s critical to be sure that you use a qualified bike repair shop to work on your battery issues, regardless of the work that must be done.
Why Refurbish an E-Bike Battery Rather Than Replace It?
If the option is available to purchase a new battery to replace the worn-out or damaged one, why would you rather rebuild or repair the battery?
Refurbishing a battery can be significantly less expensive than purchasing a replacement. Refurbishing one may include upgrading it or replacing the old battery cells with more efficient modern technology that will serve the bike better.
One of the best reasons to refurbish an old battery is to convert a lead or Ni-based battery to a lithium-ion battery. This will significantly improve the power, performance, and battery life. It’s also far better for the environment and less likely to cause fires or other hazards.
Refurbishing a battery rather than replacing it may come with upgrades. This will bring it up to the same specifications as a new battery without the higher costs of purchasing a newer, modern battery.
When an old one is refurbished, the original case is maintained, which ensures that it will fit onto the bike properly. There is no such guarantee with buying a new battery.
However, a defective battery should be replaced if it is too severely damaged or if it’s too old to be fitted with new components.
Conclusion
Electric bike batteries are not designed to last for more than 4 years or so. After this time, they will have deteriorated significantly enough to warrant a replacement battery or a complete rebuild.
These batteries are quite rugged, but they can be damaged if they are knocked hard enough or treated incorrectly, such as attempting to use a car battery to charge it incorrectly. Then they will either need to be replaced or repaired.
Both refurbishing and repairing them are viable options for a battery that isn’t working properly, has been damaged, or has started to wear out.
These processes will return it to full working condition and may even produce an upgraded battery, making it even better than when it was before!
So, the good news is that if your electric bike battery is broken or if the full charge isn’t lasting as long as it used to, you might not need to purchase a replacement. Rather, a qualified bike shop may be able to fix it for significantly less cost than buying a new one.
So, I recently got my hands on the Aventon Sinch 2, and let me tell you, I’ve been buzzing to give this folding e-bike a spin. I’ve had my eye on it in the hopes that it might just be the folding ebike bliss I’ve been searching for.
Follow along as I break down the pros and cons of the Sinch 2 folding fat tire ebike, compare costs, and tell you what else you need to know to decide if it’s the best ebike for you!
Starting with an easy step-thru folding frame, and a bit of a rugged look, I’m excited to take you along on my ride in this Aventon Sinch.2 review.
Let’s go!
The Sinch 2 folds and fits in the back of the car!
The Pros of the Aventon Sinch.2 Electric Bike
Super Easy Unboxing and Assembly
Removing the sustainable packaging was easy… and assembling the Sinch 2 was a breeze. I didn’t need to attach even one component! I folded up the handlebar, unfolded the ebike frame, used two tools that came with it to tighten up, unfolded the pedals, adjusted the seat to the correct height, added some air to the tires, and I was ready to ride!
Foldable Design One of the biggest highlights! The Sinch 2 ebike folds up neatly. Thus it’s perfect for city-dwellers with limited storage space or folks who wanna toss it in the trunk of their car for some off-the-beaten path riding.
Powerful Motor It’s got a 500W sustained hub motor with a 750W peak, which means you get that extra push when you need it. I found it to be plenty powerful and easily rode up hills at 19-20 mph!
Torque Sensor If you’ve checked out my review of the Aventon Aventure 2, you already know that I love torque sensors. Having one on the Sinch.2 is a huge benefit, giving me more control over how I ride!
Integrated Lights with Turn Signals The Sinch.2’s front headlight may be standard, but the integrated rear lights with turn signals upgrade the safety factor. Using them to change lanes worked to my advantage and notified others of my intention to turn.
Strong Battery Life After riding it for 1 hour, the 48 Volt battery had lost only 6% of its charge. Thus, if you ride like I did, with low to moderate pedal assist and occasional throttle, then you should be able to ride close to 55 miles on a full charge.
Some folding e-bikes have a range of only 20 to 30 miles on a single charge. If an electric bike offers 40 miles or more as the Aventon Sinch.2 does, it has a very good range that will satisfy most e-bike riders. Just understand that this distance can vary based on factors such as the rider’s weight, terrain, pedal assist level, and typical usage.
Fat Tires I love having 4-inch wide tires instead of the 3-inch tires I’ve had on other electric folding bikes. The Sinch’s fat tires gave great traction on my favorite rocky paths.
Further, the ride felt stable and secure with the wide contact surface of the 4-inch fat tires and the low-to-ground 20-inch tires. This will be particularly helpful for new ebike riders or those wanting extra assurance on uneven surfaces.
Front Suspension You’ll get up to 45mm of travel to help reduce bumps on the road and off-road. At first, I found the bumps quite strong and jarring. But once I adjusted the suspension, my ride became much more relaxing.
Front Suspension on the Sinch 2 e-bike
Benefits of the Aventon Sinch 2 include a colorful LCD display.
The Sinch 2 folds tightly and the handlebars fold down.
Other Benefits of the Aventon Sinch.2
The Backlit LCD Display I appreciate the easy-to-read full-color LCD screen. It provides info like speed, distance, pedal assist, and battery life. And be sure to check out the Aventon iOS and Android app!
4 Levels of Pedal Assist You get to choose how much oomph you want when you’re pedaling. Ride up to 20mph using pedal assist or using the on-demand throttle. I found both easily achievable. Whether you want a light assist or full-on “take me to the top of this hill without breaking a sweat” mode, it’s got you.
Frame Size Seating riders from 4’11” to 6’2”, the Sinch 2 fits almost anyone. Plus being able to step through the frame makes it accessible for any fitness level as long as you can ride a regular bike. At 5 feet 1 inch, I sit upright and am super comfortable.
Adjustable Handlebars These are just one more thing that makes it a comfy ebike. Set the height of the handlebars to keep your shoulders comfortable.
Bonuses!
A rear rack and dual fenders are included with the Sinch 2 electric bike.
The rear rack and fenders are a bonus!
Cost to Purchase
First, let’s compare its cost with that of equivalent folding electric fat tire bikes. The Sinch 2 ST (“step-through”) and the first generation Sinch electric bike (“step-over”) frame are priced separately. The Sinch.2 retails for about $100 more, around $1699. This is a great value considering the multiple added and improved features.
It’s important to note that the range of the new Aventon Sinch.2 is 25 miles longer than the original Sinch e-bike. In my opinion, a longer range and the addition of a torque sensor are worth paying a little more for. Plus, most riders will benefit from the low-step frame.
The Aventon Sinch 2 retail price is in the middle price range compared to other folding electric bikes. The best value for your money depends on what you prioritize in an electric bike. You might prefer power or top speed to brand reputation or require features like the Sinch 2’s torque sensor or long range.
Make sure to check the most recent prices and reviews when shopping around.
The beautiful Aventon Sinch 2 Folding E-Bike costs less than $1800 (watch for sale)!
Cons Discovered in the Aventon Sinch 2 Review and Test Ride
Cost Like most e-bikes, the Sinch 2 isn’t exactly cheap. If you’re on a tight budget, this might not be the one for you. But, if it’s in your price range, the quality and value make it a winner. Plus, Aventon Bikes offers sales like the one for $300 off.
Handlebar Grips Although they’re very grippy, they aren’t the most comfortable, as you can see by the light pattern left on my hand. The upside is that your hands won’t slip… and thankfully, nicer grips are inexpensive, so this isn’t a deal-breaker.
Folding Mechanism While it’s super handy that it folds, the mechanism took me a bit to get used to. Initially, I didn’t push it hard enough to lock it, and my first attempt at folding it took some time.
The grips were a little uncomfortable, leaving an impression on my hands. Fortunately, they’re easy and inexpensive to replace.
What Else You Need to Know About the Sinch 2
Weighing in at around 68 lbs, it’s not lightweight, but heavy is pretty standard for a folding fat tire e-bike. Still, it could be a bit cumbersome for some people.
And, even though it’s foldable, it still takes up a bit of space because its chunky frame holds a decent-sized battery. Make sure to check the dimensions to ensure it’ll fit wherever you plan on storing it.
A few other things to know… It has 8 speeds, mechanical disc brakes, and a weight limit of 300 lbs, while the rear rack holds a hefty 55 lbs.
Note of Caution
Be careful when reading the reviews on the Aventon site. Some customer reviews about the original Sinch e-bike are mixed with the new Sinch 2 Step-through, so looking at the specs as stated by customers is a bit confusing.
First Generation Aventon Sinch with Step-Over Frame
E-Bike Review Conclusion
So, what’s my conclusion from the Aventon Sinch.2 review? The Sinch 2 bike is near perfect and qualifies as one of the best folding e-bikes with fat tires, just as I hoped it would. And if you’re looking for a bike that blends urban commuting with off-road adventure, it could be the best electric bike for you.
I hope you’ve learned a lot in my Sinch.2 ebike review.
And, as always, enjoy your ride.
Check out other Aventon electric bike reviews from E-Biking Today:
